Tutorial on Fortran 90

PC version for WWW

Version 2.1

Bo Einarsson
National Supercomputer Centre
Linköping university
SE-581 83  LINKÖPING
SWEDEN
Tel + 46 13 281432
Fax + 46 13 282535
Email boein@nsc.liu.se

INTRODUCTION

This version of the tutorial on Fortran 90 can be used on UNIX, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, and Apple Macintosh. It has only relative links for all files which are direct part of the tutorial, and uses absolute links only for external Web-pages.

The reason is that it should be possible to use the book without any telephone or network connection.

Web-readers at local use

The Web-readers discussed below all have the property that they can be used locally (stand alone), if Winsocket has been installed. An alternative is to instal a "dummy" version of Winsocket, which does nothing.

When I wish to use the system locally I just disconnect the electric power to my external modem. If I am already running Web on the net, I close the connection with closing the supervising program, usually trumpet.

Files in HTML on PC under MS-DOS are supposed to end with .htm, but most Web-browsers also permit call of files using the usual UNIX-extension .html. The addresses have therefore not been changed from the previous UNIX version in this respect.

Since we use a few short program examples and data files in the packagewe recommend the user to put the followingfile extensions: .dat .f .f90 .p .txt (and noextension) to be displayed as text in the Web-browser.

NCSA Mosaic 2.0 for Microsoft Windows 3.1

This Web-reader had in a previous version the property that it could be used locally (stand alone), even if no Winsocket had been installed, and was therefore very suitable. With the next version of Mosaic a "null" Winsocket will be provided.

The system has a few differences compared with on a UNIX-system:

  1. It is more critical with respect to national characters given with for example ä for ä. The semicolon is now compulsory. This is of course no major problem with this English version.
  2. I have not found any satisfactory solution on how to write a typewriter or teletype or Courier font for the Fortran-words in the text. The default setting <tt> gives italic instead of courier.

    For a complete paragraph, however, it works fine with <pre>.

    I recommend the following setting of the fonts:

    1. Go into Options
    2. Select Preferences
    3. Select Fonts
    4. Double click on Defaults
    5. Double click on Teletype Font (at the bottom)
    6. Click on Change
    7. Select Times New Roman, Normal and the same size as for normal text (for example 12) and select Color, for example Dark Red.
    8. Confirm
    The reason for chosing another color (than the usual black) is that I found another problem with <tt> in Mosaic, a blank character after courier just disappears, if I do not violate the HTML-language by writing the following blank character within the teletype code in which case it looks fine. In the English version I have tried to do this everywhere. Where I have missed the color will help!

    To switch color improves the readability, but it is not very beautiful.

    If you chose the font Courier New, which is a nice teletype font, some lines will be messed up, some words will be overwritten.

    All suggestions for a better solution are welcome. One good solution is to use Netscape!

NCSA Mosaic 2.1 for Microsoft Windows 3.1

In addition to the problems discussed above a completely new and rather serious problem appears with this revision. When I start Mosaic for local use, and do not have the modem turned on, the Window system gives the following message: "SYSTEM ERROR, CAN NOT WRITE ON UNIT AUX" and it gives the two alternatives "ABORT" and "TRY AGAIN". If I click on "ABORT" the Mosaic system starts correctly!

The reason for this problem is probably that the revised Mosaic tests for World Wide connection, before starting.

With the modem turned on, the revised Mosaic works well.

A work-around is available. Add the following two lines to the windows\system.ini file:

[DEBUG]
OUTPUTTO=NUL

An additional problem is that the system crashes (has to be rebooted) if you, while without a network connection, click on an external link.

All these problems also apply to NCSA Mosaic 2.1.1. The problem with having toreboot after an attempt to connect to an external link in local mode has however been solved. If you wait for a while you will get the error message"HTAccess: Error accessing". If you then click on OK you canproceeed.

Netscape Navigator 2.0 for Microsoft Windows 3.1

The teletype font works fine. Everything works fine also on UNIX.

Netscape Navigator 2.0 for the Russian version of Microsoft Windows 95

There is a problem with the Swedish characters, which appear as Russian characters,because the wrong fonts are being used. This is not a major problem with the English version of the tutorial.

The blank character after & in columns 3 and 4 is put there in order toprevent Mosaic from converting into Swedish characters as in column 1.

Swedish charactersDescriptionCodeName
ÅA with 1 circle& #197& Aring;
ÄA with 2 dots& #196& Auml;
ÖO with 2 dots& #214& Ouml;
åa with 1 circle& #229& aring;
äa with 2 dots& #228& auml;
öo with 2 dots& #246& ouml;

Other charactersDescriptionCodeNameUsage
ÉE with accent& #201& Eacute;French character
ÜU with 2 dots& #220& Uuml;German character
ØO with slash& #216& Oslash;Danish character
ée with accent& #233& eacute;French character
üu with 2 dots& #252& uuml;German character
©C in a circle& #169& copy;Copyright

Microsoft Internet Explorer for Microsoft Windows 3.1

This Web-browser works fine in both version 2.01 and 2.1.

Netscape Navigator Gold

This Web-browser (in version 3.0b6 for UNIX) works fine.

IBM Web Explorer using OS/2 Warp 3

This works fine. At local installation it is recommend This is a list of all new and revised routines from that version 2.0 was distributed.

alpha.htm     1996-03-09	New (Digital UNIX)
asa.htm       1996-03-23	New (ASA Control Characters)
a2.htm        1996-03-23	Minor correction
a4.htm        1996-03-30	Minor update
a9.htm        1996-03-30	Minor update
c15.htm       1996-03-30	Minor update
digital.htm   1996-02-17	Minor update
epsilon.f90    1996-03-09	New
random.f90     1996-03-23	New
sum.f90        1996-03-09	New

parasoft.htm   Removed
parasoft.txt   Removed
All these changes are included in version 2.1.

This is a list of all new and revised routines from that version 2.1 was distributed.

answers.htm        1996-06-06	Minor update
a5.htm             1996-12-13	Minor correction
a6.htm             1996-06-11	Minor update
a7.htm             1996-09-05	Minor update
a8.htm             1996-10-25	Minor update
a11.htm            1996-09-18	Minor update
c1.htm             1996-04-17	Minor update
c3.htm             1996-12-05	Minor update
c7.htm             1996-08-30	Minor update
cray.htm           1996-10-23	Minor update
fortran.htm        1996-09-12	Minor update
f77to90.htm        1996-10-22	Minor update
f95.htm            1996-08-13	Minor update
index.htm          1996-08-12	New (extra start page)
nas.htm            1996-07-18	Minor update
preface.htm        1996-06-11	Minor update
refer.htm          1996-10-25	Minor update
sun.htm            1996-07-24	Major update
bo.htm             1996-06-06	Minor update
yurij.htm          1996-09-11	Minor update


tpkf.f              New       	TPK procedure in F
tpk90.f             New       	TPK procedure in Fortran 90
intv.f90            New       	interval.f90
intv_ari.f90        New       	interval_arithmetics.f90
authors.gif         New       	The authors
flag_sve.gif        New       	Swedish flag of the same size
                              	as the British and the Russian.

pc_e.htm           1996-12-13
readme.txt          1996-12-13

Installation

The tutorial is now available either as a MS-DOS diskette or as a single compressed ZIP-file or tar-file.

Main page, with links to all other pages is f77to90.htm. Pictures are in the subdirectory gifs and source code in the subdirectory code. The chapters are c(digit).htm and the appendices are a(digit).htm. All other document names are self explanatory, except fortran.htm, which includes external links to other Fortran documents.

From a diskette on Windows 3.x

At delivery on a diskette this can be used directly, but I recommend installation on the disk memory with the command
xcopy a:\ d:\f77to90 /s /e /v
where a (or b) is the diskette unit and d (or c) is the disk memory. My proposal for a directory name is
f77to90.

From a compressed ZIP-file

You can obtain the tutorial as a compressed ZIP-file using anonymous ftp from the computer nsc.liu.se (130.236.100.5) on the file pub/bibliotek/f77to90.zip.

On your computer you put the file f77to90.zip on the directory where you wish the subdirectory f77to90 to be created. There you give the command pkunzip -d f77to90.zip on MS-DOS and unzip f77to90.zip on UNIX. You then get the files installed on one directory with the HTML-files, one subdirectory gifs with pictures and one subdirectory code with the source code.

Under Windows 95 you have to use the program WinZip for Windows 95 in order to manage the long filenames. On Macintosh you unpack with the program Zipit, with the alternative "conversion to PC-files" switched off.

From a compressed tar-file

You can obtain the tutorial as a compressed tar-file using anonymous ftp from the computer nsc.liu.se (130.236.100.5) on the file pub/bibliotek/f77to90.tar.Z.

If you have received the file on an MS-DOS diskette from me I name the fileF7TO9TAR.Z.On your computer you put this file (with the new name f77to90.tar.Z) on the directory where you wish the subdirectory f77to90 to be created. There you give the commands uncompress f77to90.tar.Z followed with tar xvf f77to90.tar on UNIX. You then get the files installed on one directory with the HTML-files, one subdirectory gifs with pictures and one subdirectory code with the source code.

From a self-extracting Macintosh archive

The self-extracting Macintosh archive form of the tutorial is now available using anonymous ftp from the computer nsc.liu.se (130.236.100.5) on the file pub/bibliotek/f77to90.sea.

Updates

Updates are available from http://www.nsc.liu.se/~boein/f77to90/pc_e.htm. You are very welcome to contact Bo Einarsson for information!
Last modified: 13 December 1996
boein@nsc.liu.se